Last December I decided to spend a few months on a regenerative farm with my partner to experience regeneration from the ground up. To observe the functioning of living systems at a slow pace, while contributing to a wonderful project.
Despite the harshness of winter in the South Hams of Devon, England (especially for me, accustomed to Mediterranean and Caribbean temperatures!), the experience was enriching and with several humbling lessons that I will always carry with me. There is nothing comparable to being outside in the sun, cold, wind, rain or snow, connecting with nature, observing how generous it is, the symbioses that occur in the most unexpected places, the role that every little organism plays, and seeing how quickly mother earth can regenerate. The reciprocity and generosity of nature is amazing.
The lessons learned in those few months were very valuable. Shout out to John and Emilie, owners of Wave Hill Farm, because they do a tremendous job which, unfortunately, still goes unrecognised and unrewarded.
But before we begin, what is regenerative agriculture?
According to NRDC (2021):
"It is a philosophy and approach to land management (...) that seeks to farm and raise crops in a style that nurtures people and the land, with specific practices that vary from farmer to farmer and region to region. There is no strict rulebook, but the holistic principles behind the dynamic system of regenerative agriculture are meant to restore soil and ecosystem health, address inequity, and leave our land, waters and climate in better condition for future generations."
And something that has to be emphasised: "It is important to keep in mind that this is not a new idea and not all who practise these principles use the label. In fact, indigenous communities have been farming nature’s image for millennia."
(check out their website at the end of the article for more information!).
So, here are some of those learnings. But before I begin, a disclaimer: I am not an expert in regenerative agriculture, so my language is rather colloquial and based on my own training and experience. What I am aiming for is the discovery of the parallels with other aspects of our lives, businesses, or tourist destinations.
1- Bringing back health
The first thing that is explained at this regenerative farm is: "to regenerate the soil,
first of all, you have to restore its health and promote greater biodiversity". This is done with a combination of microorganisms in the form of fungi, viruses and bacteria, among others. Pesticides kill all of these. So, this wealth of microorganisms must be created in order to have healthy soil, and this can be done through compost and various techniques, adapted to the type of soil you have.
This has a very interesting similarity with our destinations, our businesses and, with ourselves. How do you regenerate yourself?
First of all, by focusing on your health. Concentrating all your energies on this, seeing what tools help you and which combination of them create the formula that allows you to be healthy: good eating habits with unprocessed foods, strength exercises, stretching, meditation, meeting with friends, seeing family, working fewer hours to have free time, going for a walk ......
And if we repeatedly take medications that are not absolutely necessary, our immune system becomes weak. If we eat processed foods, where pesticides were used.... Our bodies eventually become sick. If we don't nourish and take care of our mind, we will have anxiety, stress and exhaustion.
And the same happens to our businesses and our destinations when we don't take care of them. How do we regenerate them?
By restoring their health first. Look systemically at all the areas that need to be involved in this restoration and revitalisation and what particular combination of tools need to be used.
2- Everything is circular - reducing waste
Our grandparents (or great-grandparents, depending on your age) already did this, and of course rural and indigenous communities have done it for centuries. But our younger western societies have forgotten that everything can be reused. There is nothing better than practising this. On the farm, everything was reused and recycled. Absolutely everything. Nothing was moved or discarded without first thinking about how it could be put to good use.
Your food leftovers are put in a container, which makes for rich compost, and then what do you do with this compost? It goes back into the soil. It seems simple, doesn’t it? But how many of us do this?
If we think about the amount of waste that cannot be recycled (or apparently is recycled, but we know that there is no capacity to do so in its entirety), what can our choices be?; can we try to considerably reduce the purchase of packaged fruits and vegetables? What about all the bottles of shampoo, gel, toothpaste or mouthwash?; can we gradually reduce them and aim to get rid of most of the plastic in our bathroom? What about its contents, does it have chemicals that can pollute our water? These kinds of conscious decisions on a day-to-day basis are important and vital steps. In a sector like tourism, taking a leap to modify old habits and begin to make a circular and holistic management of everything we touch, is in my opinion, essential.
3- Perfection. Not only is it not sought, it is avoided.
Sometimes, lessons come where you least expect them. During a process in which we were pouring wood chips into the base of trees that had been planted a few months ago, Emilie was explaining how we had to be careful not to put them in perfectly. "Guys, it must be imperfect!
If we give it too solid a base, the roots will form shallowly and at the slightest setback, the tree will fall over. You have to allow its roots to be deep, strong and healthy to generate resilience."
This also happens in life, with our children, with our pets, with our teams at work. It also happens in tourism projects that receive a large sum of money controlled by the government or an investor, without involving the community because we want quick and smooth results, without problems or opposition. And the inclusion of people is a non-linear process with ups and downs, contradictions and power struggles. But perfection, overprotection, control or paternalism, never offer a good result in the long term. Because their roots are weak, and at the slightest hint of a storm, they let fall the tree that cost so much to plant.
4- Climate positive
Considering that the ocean, soil and forests are the world's largest carbon sinks, regenerative farming is one vital activity that contributes to the fight against the climate crisis. The folks at Wave Hill Farm
use a holistic approach and a mixture of traditional methods, agroecological practices and permaculture principles, and in doing so, they farm organically with minimal inputs while sequestering 75 tons of CO2 equivalent per year, making their farm and its products climate positive.
And what is key to making this happen is their animals, which drive the fertility and natural cycles, boosting soil life and carbon sequestration. This is what they call "holistically managed grazing," which, according to NRDC (2021), is an indigenous practice that mimics the way large animals moved through grasslands in herds. What they do in this method is to move livestock between pastures regularly (depending on the needs of the soil and the animals), to improve soil fertility and allow time for pasture grasses to regrow.
We need to employ different strategies to reduce emissions and aim for designs that go beyond minimising and offsetting emissions, as proposed in the famous "net zero". What we have seen in the regenerative farm - growing and producing nutritious food while healing the soil and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere - is a clear example that climate-positive actions are possible and necessary. Can you imagine the great potential for tourism to move towards that direction?
Through actions taken by the tourism community in each of its value chain elements to reduce emissions, and through collaborations with different actors in the destination, it is possible to create a common and systemic strategy that is climate positive.
5- Diversity
An important feature of regenerative farming is the maximisation of crop diversity and avoiding monoculture.
As Farming for a Better Climate (n.d) explains, when there is diversity of crop above ground, this leads to diversity below ground, as the plants provide food for the natural soil food web. The different soil organisms below ground are responsible for various nutrient cycles, so the more of those, the better for the functioning of the soil food web.
This is present in every activity on the farm. From the variety and combination of fruits in the garden and the compost used, to the diversity of activities that take place in this ecosystem.
In the same way, diversity is important in all contexts: from including diversity of income sources in a business, to diversity within an organisation (of cultures, ethnicities, gender, ages, abilities, etc.), to the diversity of activities in our lives, and of course, the diversity of a destination. In a tourist destination, there must be diversity, and not only of actors within the tourism sector,
but of other sectors, such as farmers, cooks, artisans, educators, artists, engineers, historians, sociologists. The more variety of actors, the more weath and abundance there will be in our ecosystem, and the more resilient as a result.
6- True abundance
When Emilie and John told us how hard their journey was, people who are outside of this would think “why so much effort?” But the beauty of it is that they do it because they are convinced, because they know that they are nature and as such, they must regenerate it and regenerate themselves. They enjoy seeing how the animals are healthy and live happily for many years. They also contribute to the creation of biodiversity, the restoration of ecosystems and carbon sequestration.
They enjoy seeing how their soil has a healthy colour, their food is tasty and grown without pesticides. They enjoy the simple things: the clean air, the clarity with which they see the moon and stars, how delicious freshly baked bread is (and smells!). They enjoy attending events where they see colleagues with whom they can share techniques and knowledge and, by their example, inspire others.
As Kathleen Allen (2020) explains, nature teaches us that we can operate the system based on abundance and generosity and not scarcity. As we saw on point 5, diverse plants and species need different nutrients to thrive, and they each generate abundant resources that they can share, so by creating cooperative relationships, they can obtain what they need, exchanging resources with other species. This is a system based on abundance.
And we, accustomed to torture ourselves with the fear of scarcity, must begin to build a system where instead of competition, distrust, and working separately, we can collaborate and share resources and knowledge,
so that we can all have abundance of health, abundance of love, abundance of life.
How are regenerative agriculture and regenerative tourism related?
All activities within the regenerative approach are governed by the principles of living systems. The principles that planet Earth has used for 3.8 billion years to create life. And based on these principles, the conditions are generated so that all systems, created by humans and natural systems, interrelate and flourish.
Regeneration is systemic and diverse and, as such, must include as many actors as possible in the destination. Tourism is integrated within this ecosystem and supports its revitalisation; it does not have its own agenda independent of the rest.
This is why every effort to learn about these other sectors, their challenges, their achievements, their dreams..... It will be vital to create this network of actors that explore the history of the place and are able to align their purposes.
Regenerative farming and other similar methods are a very important element in restoring soil health and revitalising ecosystems and biodiversity
while growing healthy and nutritious food. They create the conditions conducive to life. And it is essential for the tourism industry to make alliances with this community.
We are facing an increasingly ill society; SDG 2 "zero hunger" cannot be addressed in isolation from the rest. We must join forces to revitalise our destinations and tourism has the great potential to bring together a large number of actors to achieve this.
A great learning, no doubt.
Sources:
NRDC: https://www.nrdc.org/stories/regenerative-agriculture-101#what-is
Wave Hill Farm:https://www.wavehillfarm.co.uk/
Farming for a Better Climate:
https://www.farmingforabetterclimate.org/downloads/practical-guide-regenerative-agriculture-maximising-crop-diversity/#:~:text=Modern%20agricultural%20practices%20rely%20on,the%20natural%20soil%20food%20web.
https://kathleenallen.net/what-nature-teaches-us-about-diversity-and-abundance/